K+ channels can convert between conductive and non-conductive forms through mechanisms that range from flicker transitions (which occur in microseconds) to C-type inactivation (which occurs on millisecond to second timescales). Here, the crystal structures are presented of the potassium channel KcsA in an open-inactivated conformation and 'trapped' in several partially open conformations. The structures indicate a molecular basis for C-type inactivation in K+ channels.