A method for annealing metal-oxide semiconductor films with deep-ultraviolet light yields thin-film transistors with performance comparable to that of thermally annealed devices, and widens the range of substrates on which such devices can be fabricated.

Extensive release of carbon from coastal permafrost is found to dominate the sedimentary carbon budget of the world’s largest continental shelf, with about two-thirds of this old carbon escaping to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

Young male fruitflies learn to avoid futile courtship of non-virgin females because the latter are scented with the male pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate; this behaviour results from an increase in the males’ innate sensitivity for the pheromone and is controlled by a small set of dopaminergic neurons.