The worm Caenorhabditis elegans has many advantages as an experimental organism. These have been exploited to investigate how, at a single-neuron level, neural circuits transform sensory signals into behaviour.

Scaffolding proteins are so named because they function as platforms for the assembly of molecular signalling complexes. But at least one such protein is more than a passive bystander and has its own signalling role.

When attacking a plant, pathogens must deliver proteins into their victim's cells. The causal agent of potato late blight uses a system that is remarkably similar to that used by the malaria parasite in red blood cells.