In this work, a novel currentmode square-wave generator is proposed. The circuit, whose working principle is based on a current differentiation instead of voltage integration, has been designed in a standard CMOS technology with low voltage (±1V) and low power (430µW) characteristics. Simulations and experimental measurements have confirmed the theoretical expectations showing a high linearity and a wide oscillation frequency range, which can independently be adjusted through either capacitive (in the range pF?µF) or resistive (in the range M??G?) external passive components

Two quadrature generation architectures, optimized for low power consumption in the 2.4?GHz frequency range, have been presented: a QVCO and a VCO with divider. Measurement results confirm that the QVCO achieves lower power consumption and better phase noise performance thanks to passive RC phase shifters in the coupling path.

The described models consisting of several resistors and capacitors approximate an ideal constant phase element. Their input impedance phase is reasonably constant over several decades of frequency and can have any value between ?90° and 0°. The models are much simpler and at the same time much more accurate than any other models of constant phase elements described so far.