Managing manure and conserving predators helps control filies in caged-layer poultry systems Claeaning out manure usually results in fly outbreaks;recolonization for fresh manure by fly predators for biological control is relatively slow.

Interpersonal control tops concerns of farm supervisors Of 42 farm supervisors intervíewed in the San Joaquin Valley, most gave their jobs high ratings but found it difficult to discipline and Pire employees.