As cells divide during development, daughter cells retain the growth signals received by their parents through equal partitioning of a subpopulation of tagged intracellular vesicles.

RNA polymerase bound to DNA begins transcription by pulling downstream DNA into itself to form a scrunched intermediate that provides the force for subsequent steps.

Use of monovalent vaccines may eliminate polio from areas where poor sanitation and high population density facilitate transmission and interfere with vaccine efficacy.