Three studies examine the influence of brand-elicited affect on consumers' evaluations of brand extensions. When a brand spontaneously elicits affective reactions, consumers appear to form an initial impression of the brand's new extension based on these reactions. The affect that they experience for other reasons and attribute to the brand can influence this impression as well. Their later evaluations of the extension are then based on this impression. This is true regardless of the similarity between the extension and the core brand

Retailers typically engage in some form of price discrimination to increase profitability. In this article, the authors compare the impact on retailer profitability of two price discrimination mechanisms: quantity discounts based on package size (second-degree price discrimination) and store-level pricing or micromarketing (third-degree price discrimination). Whereas the latter has been well addressed in the marketing literature, there is limited empirical research on the use of quantity discounts for price discrimination. Using store-level sales data, the authors estimate a structural demand model, accounting for parameter heterogeneity and price endogeneity. They combine the parameter estimates with a model of retailer pricing to conduct optimal pricing and profitability simulations under several scenarios, ranging from constraining the retailer not to engage in any form of price discrimination to the least restrictive scenario of setting nonlinear price schedules specific to each store

When the placebo response was invoked by Beecher (1946, 1955) in soldiers who were wounded on the beaches of Anzio (it was noted that wounded soldiers required less morphine than wounded civilians), it unleashed a revolution in the understanding of the underlying neurobiology of the placebo effect and the impact of placebo in human clinical studies. Although placebo is a widespread phenomenon in medicine, the underlying neurobiology of it is not yet fully elucidated, though pain and analgesia have provided the most compelling and mechanistic insights into the phenomenon