Fatty acid synthase comprises a biosynthetic pathway in which two-carbon units are sequentially added to tethered fatty acid chains by reactions at each of four catalytic sites.

Fluctuating background contributions to Raman spectra are minimized with shaped probe pulses, allowing detection and analysis of samples such as bacterial spores.

Optical and radar observations of a near-Earth asteroid show that the radiation pressure from impacting sunlight is slowing its rotation, as predicted.