A record of the 14C content of deep water from the North Atlantic shows that warming during deglaciation in the Northern Hemisphere was indeed associated with vigorous deep-water formation.

Three sulfur isotopes show that microbes metabolized intermediate sulfur species by 1.3 billion years ago, implying that the atmosphere then was more oxidizing than had been supposed.

A tenth Archaeopteryx specimen reveals that its first toe was not reversed as in later birds and that its second toe was extendable, as in proposed theropod ancestors.