A plasma and annealing treatment eliminates only the metallic nanotubes that typically form along with the useful semiconducting ones, facilitating nanotube electronic manufacture.

Carbon isotope data from teeth of an early hominin reveal that its diet switched seasonally, unlike that of chimps but similar to that of later tool-using Homo species.

Once inside a host cell, a pathogenic bacterium secretes a protein-degrading enzyme that destroys the host cytoskeleton, easing its passage and facilitating infection.