Reliable DNA sequences were obtained from 40,000-year-old cave bear fossils by screening for contaminants using existing sequences and by comparisons with modern dog and bear genomes.

In order to maintain 10 percent of the ranges of existing terrestrial mammals, more than 15 percent of Earth's land must be protected, a challenge for conservation efforts.

A model shows that stable control of red scale disease by its insect control agent depends only on the two species' life histories: fast development of the control insect and vulnerability of early scale life stages.