The Effect of Cultural Differences on Behavioral Responses to Low Job Satisfaction This article reports the results of a field study that evaluated behavioral responses to low job satisfaction of participants in Hong Kong and New Zealand. Culture, measured by vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism, had both main and moderating effects on responses. First, cultural groups responded differently to low job satisfaction with exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect. Second, culture moderated the effect of quality of job alternatives and job satisfaction on exit and loyalty, and moderated the effect of quality of job alternatives on voice

Us Versus Them, or Us Versus Everyone? Delineating Consumer Aversion to Foreign Goods This paper presents evidence that international animosity and consumer ethnocentrism are distinct constructs that play different roles depending on the set of products available to consumers. Results show that animosity toward a foreign nation is related to choices between foreign goods, while consumer ethnocentrism is related to choices between domestic and foreign goods. Further, the study finds animosity effects even though anger levels are generally low, thus extending the boundaries of the animosity model of foreign purchase. The study focuses on U.S. consumer views of Japan and Japanese products. Implications for decisions concerning global versus local branding strategies are discussed

Equity Ownership in International Joint Ventures: The Impact of Source Country Factors This study examines the impact of four source country factors on the equity ownership in international joint ventures (IJVs). These factors are exchange rate cost of borrowing export capability management orientation. Based on a sample of 078 IJVs in China this study shows that equity ownership tends to be higher for parent firms from a source country with strong currency low cost of borrowing strong export capability high uncertainty avoidance