A new species from the Burgess Shale unites two enigmatic groups important in the early evolution of bilateria and implies that mollusks diverged early in the Cambrian.

In an unusual form of plasticity, certain synapses in rat interneurons are strengthened if presynaptic activity occurs while the postsynaptic cell is at rest or hyperpolarized.

DNA movement during prokaryotic cell division can be reconstituted in a cell-free system by an actin-like protein and a DNA binding protein, which form a bipolar spindle.